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A study led by the World Health Organization (WHO) in partnership with the French National  Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis (ANRS), US Centers for Disease Control  and  Prevention  (CDC)  and  Eunice  Kennedy  Shriver  National  Institute  of  Child  Health  and  Human  Development  (NICHD)  of  the  National  Institutes  of  Health,  offers  new  insights  and  new  hope  for  preventing  HIV  infection  and  death  among  infants  in  settings  where  many  mothers  with  HIV  infection  breastfeed,  despite  the  risks.  The  purpose  of  the  study  was  to  assess whether the risk of HIV transmission during breastfeeding could be safely reduced.